Arlie Russell Hochschild

Arlie Russell Hochschild is an American sociologist who developed the concept of emotional labor in her book The Managed Heart (1983), based on her study of flight attendants and bill collectors, arguing that many service jobs require workers to manage and produce specific feelings, such as friendliness or authority, as part of the job itself, a form of labor that can become alienating when a worker's authentic emotions are commercially regulated by an employer. In The Second Shift (1989), co-written with Anne Machung, she documented how employed married women in the United States continued to perform the great majority of housework and childcare after returning home from paid work, coining the term second shift to describe this unequal, largely invisible additional workload. Hochschild's attention to the emotional and domestic dimensions of everyday life opened an influential line of sociological research into feeling, gender, and labor.